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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(1): 55-64, Jan. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-252257

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMC) using a noninvasive method. The carotid and femoral common arteries were evaluated by noninvasive B-mode ultrasound in 63 normotensive and in 52 hypertensive subjects and the thickness of the IMC was tested for correlation with blood pressure, cardiac structures and several clinical and biological parameters. The IMC was thicker in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects (0.67 ± 0.13 and 0.62 ± 0.16 vs 0.54 ± 0.09 and 0.52 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P<0.0001). In normotensive patients, the simple linear regression showed significant correlations between IMC and age, body mass index and 24-h systolic blood pressure for both the carotid and femoral arteries. In hypertensives the carotid IMC was correlated with age and 24-h systolic blood pressure while femoral IMC was correlated only with 24-h diastolic blood pressure. Forward stepwise regression showed that age, body mass index and 24-h systolic blood pressure influenced the carotid IMC relationship (r2 = 0.39) in normotensives. On the other hand, the femoral IMC relationship was influenced by 24-h systolic blood pressure and age (r2 = 0.40). In hypertensives, age and 24-h systolic blood pressure were the most important determinants of carotid IMC (r2 = 0.37), while femoral IMC was influenced only by 24-h diastolic blood pressure (r2 = 0.10). There was an association between carotid IMC and echocardiographic findings in normotensives, while in hypertensives only the left posterior wall and interventricular septum were associated with femoral IMC. We conclude that age and blood pressure influence the intima-media thickness, while echocardiographic changes are associated with the IMC


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aging/physiology , Blood Pressure , Carotid Artery, Common , Femoral Artery , Heart/anatomy & histology , Hypertension , Tunica Intima , Tunica Media , Body Mass Index , Carotid Artery, Common/anatomy & histology , Confidence Intervals , Femoral Artery/anatomy & histology , Linear Models , Tunica Intima/anatomy & histology , Tunica Media/anatomy & histology
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 42(2): 84-8, abr.-jun. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-180120

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO. Determinar a fraçao de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRCT) tratada por meio de diálise no Município de Sao Paulo e investigar a influência da idade em relaçao ao acesso a diálise. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. Foram estudados todos os pacientes que receberam diálise para IRCT durante o ano de 1991, registrados junto à Secretaria de Saúde do Estado. No mesmo ano, foram também coletadas informaçoes dos indivíduos que morreram tendo com causa básica de óbito doença relacionada a insuficiência renal crônica. Estes últimos dados foram obtidos do Serviço Funerário da Prefeitura de Sao Paulo. Cruzando-se os dados destes bancos de dados foi possível descobrir os pacientes que morreram de IRCT sem ter realizado diálise e calcular a fraçao tratada nas diversas faixas etárias. RESULTADOS. De forma global, 25,6 por cento dos pacientes com IRCT nao receberam tratamento. A partir da idade de 40 anos, houve reduçao progressiva e significante (p<0,001) da fraçao de pacientes tratados conforme aumentou a idade. Até os nove anos de idade a percentagem de tratamento também foi reduzida (29 por cento). Indivíduos nas faixas etárias de 60-69 e 70-79 anos apresentaram chance cerca de 5 e 11 vezes maior, respectivamente, de morrer sem receber tratamento dialítico do que aqueles no grupo etário de 20-29 anos. CONCLUSOES. Os autores estimam que pelo menos um quarto dos pacientes com IRCT morreram em Sao Paulo, em 1991, sem ter recebido tratamento dialítico. Idade é um fator importante de discriminaçao para aceitaçao em programas de diálise crônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Age Factors , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Cause of Death , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Prejudice , Prospective Studies , Risk
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 40(3): 172-8, jul.-set. 1994. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-143890

ABSTRACT

Apesar da melhora na sobrevida do enxerto em pacientes transplantados renais, ocorrida nos últimos dez anos, a rejeiçäo continua sendo uma causa importante de perda de enxerto. Vários testes laboratoriais têm sido estudados na tentativa de se identificar um método näo invasivo que possibilite o diagnóstico precoce de rejeiçäo em pacientes transplantados renais. OBJETIVO. Avaliar a utilidade da monitorizaçäo da ß2 microglobulina sérica no período inicial pós-transplante. Métodos. foram estudados em 20 receptores de transplante renal (10 doadores vivos relacionados e 10 doadores cadáveres), o comportamento diário dos níveis séricos da ß2M e correlacionados com a sua evoluçäo clínica e laboratorial. RESULTADOS. Pacientes que apresentaram boa funçäo renal no pós-operatório imediato e näo mostraram rejeiçäo aguda, precocemente, evoluíram com queda dos níveis de ß2M que se estabilizaram em níveis de 3,7 mg/L no 4§ dia pós-transplante. A sensibilidade de ß2M para o diagnóstico de rejeiçäo aguda foi muito boa (87,5 por cento), mas sua especificidade foi baixa (46 por cento). Nos oito pacientes que näo apresentaram boa funçäo renal, inicialmente, a monitorizaçäo dos níveis de ß2M mostrou-se capaz de diferenciar pacientes com necrose tubular aguda (NTA) sem complicaçöes, de portadores de NTA evoluindo com rejeiçäo ou nefrotoxicidade por CSA. Conclusäo. A monitorizaçäo dos níveis séricos de ß2M näo acrescenta benefício nítido para o diagnóstico de rejeiçäo aguda em pacientes com boa funçäo renal inicial. Contudo, em pacientes evoluindo para NTA, esta monitorizaçäo mostrou-se útil para identificar episódios de rejeiçäo aguda e nefrotoxicidade por CSA


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis , Kidney Transplantation , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/diagnosis , Monitoring, Immunologic , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Creatinine/blood , Follow-Up Studies , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers/blood , Postoperative Period , Graft Rejection/therapy
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 27(6): 1431-1444, June 1994.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-319757

ABSTRACT

1. Acute renal failure is a very common consequence of septic abortion. Whole kidney and glomerular hemodynamics were evaluated in virgin (V), pregnant (PREG) and aborted (ABOR) euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats before and after E. coli (0111-B4) endotoxin (LPS) infusion in order to evaluate the effect of septic abortion on the renal microcirculation. 2. Abortion induced by RU 486 blunted the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) induced by normal pregnancy (0.86 +/- 0.03 vs 0.63 +/- 0.07 ml/min, P < 0.05). In virgin rats, RU 486 did not modify the parameters of renal function. Significant alterations occurred in whole kidney and single nephron function. However, the changes in whole kidney function in the ABOR group were significantly higher than those observed for the V group (reductions in GFR were 42 in V and 80 in ABOR, RPF decreased 34 in V and 76 in ABOR, TRVR increased 82 in V and 400 in ABOR). 3. Mean single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was reduced in all groups after LPS (44 in V, 43 in V+RU, 55 in PREG, 60 in ABOR), due to significant decreases in glomerular plasma flow rate, QA (42 in V, 55 in V+RU, 53 in PREG, 57 in ABOR) and in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf (46 in V, 47 in V+RU, 45 in PREG, 67 in ABOR). 4. These data show that LPS induced significant alterations in renal function in all groups. However, aborted rats were more sensitive to the effects of LPS than V rats. These results indicate that abortion may potentiate the effects of endotoxemia on renal function elevating the extent of acute renal failure and thus the mortality rate.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Abortion, Septic/physiopathology , Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology , Abortion, Induced , Analysis of Variance , Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Lipopolysaccharides , Mifepristone , Rats, Wistar , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 24(7): 687-96, 1991. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-99504

ABSTRACT

Acromegaly is associated with metabolic disturbances of calcium and phosphorus which can also contribute to renal lithogenesis. In order to characterize these disturbances more precisely, an oral calcium load test was performed on 14 active acromegalic patients. Serum and urinary levels of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine and urinary cyclic AMP were determined. Of the 14 patients, 5 (36%) presented hypercalciuria, 5 (36%) presented intestinal calciumhyperabsorption and 6 (43%) had uric acid hyperexcretion. Two patients (14%) presented nephrolithiasis. The medical records of 32 additional acromegalic patients with or without active disease were reviewed for a history of previous stones, which was observed in three cases (9.5%). The present data suggest that nephrolithiasis occurs more frequently among acromegalic patients because of the underlying metabolic disturbances of calcium presented by this population


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Acromegaly/metabolism , Urinary Calculi/metabolism , Acromegaly/complications , Calcium/blood , Calcium/urine , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Cyclic AMP/urine , Growth Hormone/blood , Kidney Calculi/etiology , Kidney Calculi/metabolism , Phosphorus/blood , Phosphorus/urine , Prolactin/blood , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Uric Acid/blood , Uric Acid/urine , Urinary Calculi/etiology
8.
Rev. Hosp. Säo Paulo Esc. Paul. Med ; 2(1/2): 19-21, Mar.-Jun. 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-188349

ABSTRACT

The effects of three models of stress upon blood pressure and central responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) and noradrenaline (NA) were assessed in rats. Considering general parameters of stress efficacy, all models were effective to induce stress but hypertension only occurred in animals submitted to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REM-sd) and electric shock (ES). An increased central pressor effect of AII and NA was observed in these groups. On the other hand, restriction (R) did not increase blood pressure or central responsiveness to AII or NA. Instead of hypertension, R induced gastric ulcers and testis atrophy. Thus, hypertension occurs only in some models of stress and may be due to increased central responsiveness to AII and NA.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Heart Rate/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Stress, Physiological/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Disease Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar
9.
Rev. Hosp. Säo Paulo Esc. Paul. Med ; 2(1/2): 23-7, Mar.-Jun. 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-188350

ABSTRACT

We retrospectively analyzed the histological data, clinical presentations, and outcome of 24 patients aged 60 years or older at the initial evaluation for renal disease. The study setting was a referral-based nephrology clinic at a tertiary care center. Twenty-three out of the 24 patients had a mean follow-up of 16 months (range 3-48). Their mean age was 65 years (range 60-75). The most common histological diagnoses were crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) (n = 4), membranoproliferative GN (n = 4), diffuse endocapillary proliferative GN (n = 3), and minimal change (n = 3). Clinical presentation included renal insufficiency in 16 patients, the nephrotic syndrome in 8 patients (associated in 4 with decreased renal function), and hematuria with subnephrotic rang proteinuria in 4 cases. Ten out of the 23 patients developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Median serum creatinine at presentation in the group that developed ESRD was significantly higher than in the group that did not develop ESRD (490 vs 270 mumol/l; p < 0.05). Seven patients died, 5 of whom had developed ESRD. A variety of renal diseases affect the kidneys of the elderly; prognosis was unfavorable in about half of the patients in this series. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the natural history of GN in the elderly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(3/4): 211-24, 1990. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-91739

ABSTRACT

1. A sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) is described for quantitation of secretory IgA (sIgA) in human serum, as well as an ELISA and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of secretory component (SC) is human serum. Samples were reduced and alkylated prior to the measurement of SC. 2. Healthy individuals (N = 53) presented low levels of SC (median, 0.9 mg/l). The protein levels were significantly elevated when compared with the controls, in sera of women during the second (N = 31; median, 1.5 mg/l) and third (N = 35; median, 2.4 mg/l) and acute viral hepatitis (N = 25; median 2.4 mg/l). SC levels of women in the first trimester of pregnancy (N = 24; median, 0.5 mg/l) did not differ from the controls. 3. sIgA levels were also significantly elevated when sera of women in the third trimester of pregnancy (N = 41; median, 25.4 mg/l) and sera of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (N = 32; median, 75.0 mg/l) or acute viral hepatitis (N = 38; median, 28.5 mg/l) were compared with controls (N = 49; median, 9.0 mg/l). women in the first (N = 25; median, 7.7 mg/l) and second (N = 29; median, 10.2 mg/l trimester of pregnancy did not present levels statistically different from the controls. 4. The results obtained for SC by RIA and ELISA were positively correlated (rs = 0.88; P < 0.001). sIgA levels determined by ELISA were also positively correlated with the results of RIA-SC(rs = 0.77;P<0.001) or ELISA-SC (rs = 0.79; P < 0.001). 5. The assays described are specific, relatively simple to perform, and can be useful for the study of the secretory system


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis , Secretory Component/analysis , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/isolation & purification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/isolation & purification , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/blood , Pregnancy Trimester, First/blood , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood , Radioimmunoassay , Secretory Component/isolation & purification
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(3/4): 225-33, 1990. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-91740

ABSTRACT

1. A case-control study of the relationship between the regular exposure to hydrocarbons and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN) was carried out in Säo Paulo, Brazil. Regular exposure was defined as 1 h or more weekly for 3 consecutive months or longer. We studied 17 patients with rapidly progressive renal failure and biopsy-proven crescentic GN and 34 matched hospital controls. 2. We found an incrased risk of rapidly progressive GN associated with exposure to organic solvents (relative risk = 5.00; 95% confidence interval = 1.14 to 22.00). The frequency of exposure to solvents was 52.9% among the patients and 17.7% among the control subjects (P < 0.05). However, no statically significant increased risk was detected in those patients who had been exposed to fuels (relative risk = 3.25; 95% confidence interval = 0.76 to 13.89); the proportion of exposure to fuels was 47.1% among the patients and 20.6% among the control subjects. 3. Renal histologic findings suggest that immune complex mediated injury as well as a direct glomerular toxic effect may participate in the pathogenesis of rapidly progressive GN associated with hydrocarbon exposure


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Fossil Fuels/adverse effects , Glomerulonephritis/etiology , Hydrocarbons/adverse effects , Solvents/adverse effects , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Microscopy, Fluorescence
12.
J. bras. nefrol ; 11(1): 12-6, mar. 1989. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-75621

ABSTRACT

A citologia aspirativa de rim transplantado, utilizada em vários centros de transplante, tem permitido a análise repetida do tecido renal, sem ocasionar desconforto para o paciente e com menor risco do que o imposto pela biópsia renal Revela-se muito útil na diferenciaçäo entre rejeiçäo celular aguda (RCA), necrose tubular aguda (NTA) e nefrotoxicidade pela ciclosporina, monitorizando o transplante, sobretudo nos três primeiros meses. Entre março de 1987 e junho de 1988, realizamos 231 punçöes em 42 pacientes. Destas, 158 (71,7%) proporcionaram material representativo para análise. Nesses pacientes, foram diagnosticados 20 episódios de RCA, todos confirmados pela evoluçäo clínica e laboratorial. Em oito ocasiöes, o diagnóstico citológico precedeu o aparecimento de sinais clínicos de rejeiçäo. Em dois casos, detectou-se tendência a cronificaçäo do processo. Tivemos somente quatro falsos negativos e um falso positivo para RCA. Em 11 casos, diagnosticou-se NTA pura e, em dez vezes, lesäo tubular associada a nefrotoxicidade pela cilosporina. Nenhuma complicaçäo decorrente do método foi observada. Concluímos que A citologia aspirativa, por ser inócua, de fácil execuçäo, poder ser repetida com freqüência e por apresentar alta correlaçäo clínica, deve se incluída na monitorizaçäo rotineira do pós-transplante renal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy, Needle/methods , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney/transplantation , Kidney/pathology
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 42(3): 227-30, 1984. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-20385

ABSTRACT

A eficacia do captopril no tratamento agudo de emergencias hipertensivas foi estudada em 25 pacientes, bem como a manutencao do efeito anti-hipertensivo por 20 horas adicionais, usando-se doses suplementares (50 mg de 8/8h, via oral). O estudo agudo revelou que 40% dos pacientes responderam com normalizacao da pressao arterial media (PAM), 90 minutos apos a dose oral de 50mg; 40% responderam 90 minutos apos uma segunda dose (100mg) VO e 20% necessitaram de terceira dose (150mg) para a normalizacao da PAM. O estudo prolongado revelou que 64% dos pacientes mantiveram PAM normal durante 20 horas com a administracao de 50mg de captopril a cada 8 horas e 36% dos pacientes tiveram controle adequado da pressao arterial por 10 horas adicionais. Estes dados revelam que o captopril e um grande agente terapeutico util na crise hipertensiva, nao so pelo efeito agudo potente e gradual, mas tambem por manter efeito anti-hipertensivo durante o periodo critico do tratamento, ou seja, nas primeiras 24 horas. Estas caracteristicas reforcam a ideia de que o captopril possa ser uma opcao terapeutica vantajosa nos quadros de crise hipertensiva, em comparacao as drogas vasodilatadoras mais potentes que requerem atencao de pessoal e equipamento de monitorizacao, nem sempre facilmente disponiveis em hospitais gerais


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Captopril , Hypertension
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 38(3): 203-6, 1982. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-8783

ABSTRACT

Os efeitos imediatos e a medio prazo do verapamil sobre a pressao arterial de ratos foram estudados em dois modelos distintos de hipertensao arterial experimental por estenose de arteria renal: l Clip2 rins (modelo GII) e 1 clip 1 rim (modelo GI). Houve reducao significante da pressao arterial em ambos os grupos: maior grau de reducao foi observado no modelo GII (27%) comparado ao modelo GI (l7%). Entretanto, ao final do tratamento a medio prazo, nao mais se observaram diferencas entre os dois grupos. Tambem, o efeito imediato nao foi diferente entre os dois grupos, quer quanto a resposta maxima (GI = 22,6% vs GII = 26,2%), quer quanto a duracao do efeito avaliada pelo T l/2 (GI = 120 min vs GII = 150 min). Estes dados sugerem que o verapamil e igualmente eficaz em reduzir os niveis hipertensivos nestes dois modelos. Portanto, o mecanismo de acao parece ser inespecifico, atraves do antagonismo de calcio, podendo estar envolvidas reducoes do debito cardiaco e/ou vasodilatacao periferica. Por isto, estudos hemodinamicos detalhados dos mecanismos de resposta pressorica a esta droga sao necessarios antes da aplicacao indiscriminada em hipertensao humana


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Verapamil , Hypertension, Renal , Arterial Pressure
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 38(5): 415-419, 1982. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-8815

ABSTRACT

A eficacia do captopril, substancia inibidora da enzima conversora da angiotensina I, foi avaliada no tratamento de 116 pacientes em crise hipertensiva. O captopril foi empregado como unica droga anti-hipertensiva, ou apos a insucesso no controle da pressao arterial e da sintomatologia com diuretico via endovenosa (EV) mais tranquilizante via intra-muscular (IM). Um grupo de 99 pacientes recebeu a associacao de diuretico EV e tranquilizante IM, dos quais 10 responderam satisfatoriamente a esta associacao. Nos 89 pacientes restantes, com a administracao de doses variadas de captopril, observou-se reducao da pressao arterial ao nivel estabelecido (PA diastolica < ou igual ll0 mm Hg) em 77,5% dos casos. Em 53% dos pacientes, uma unica dose oral de 50 mg de captopril foi suficiente para a obtencao da resposta antihipertensiva, na dose de l00 mg, via oral.Em 13 casos (76,4%) o resultado foi satisfatorio. Os 4 pacientes restantes receberam uma segunda dose de l00 mg do farmaco, com resultados satisfatorios em 2 (ll,7%) e insucesso em outros 2 (ll,7%). A eficacia do captopril no tratamento de crises hipertensivas, conforme observada no presente trabalho, favorece seu uso no tratamento desta situacao clinica. Outrossim, o fato do captopril ser ativo por via oral, facilita seu emprego no lugar dos vasodilatadores parenterais, na maioria dos pacientes com esta emergencia clinica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Captopril , Hypertension , Arterial Pressure
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